Since its foundation in 1917, RIKEN has been the only comprehensive research institute in Japan engaging in all levels of research, from basic to applied, over the full range of fields including physics, chemistry, biology, medicine and engineering. Among the research centers under the RIKEN umbrella were the Frontier Research System, tasked with cultivating leading-edge projects on the very forefront of modern science, and the Discovery Research Institute, which constituted the core of RIKEN's research endeavors. In April 2008, these two organizations were merged to create the Advanced Science Institute.
